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Phuket's History, Culture and People

People of Phuket
Official Phuket records show a local population of around 200,000 inhabitants. It is quite possibly more due to Phuket's transient population. The two main population centers are on opposite sides of the island. On the east coast is Phuket Town, the capital and on the west coast is Patong Beach, Phuket's center of tourism.

The residents of Phuket are Thais and Chinese who migrated from the mainland to work in tin mines, Malaysian Muslims who came to work in the rubber plantations and the Chao Ley or sea gypsies, one of the earliest groups to inhabit Phuket.

Thai parade

The Chinese make up around 35% of the island's population. They are different from the people who settled in Bangkok and other regions of Thailand, as they arrived mainly from the Hokkien region of China the same as the people now living in Singapore and Malaysia.

As elsewhere in Asia, many of the Chinese have now become fully integrated into Thai society and many of them own businesses both large and small. They are responsible for a large part of the trade volume on Phuket and their influence is visible in many places such as the Chinese temples on Phuket or the annual Chinese Vegetarian Festival in October, a major tourist attraction of Phuket.

Thai baby in the village

The influence of the Indonesian and Malayan culture is also apparent
in the ethnic makeup, language, art and religion of southern Thailand. About one third of the Thai's living on Phuket are Muslims. Concentrated mostly around Bang Tao and a few other big villages, they work as rice and rubber farmers. In addition to the Thai and Malay languages, many also speak "Yawi", an ancient dialect of the Malayan language.

Phuket History
The most significant event in the history of Phuket was the attack by the Burmese in 1785 after king Taksin had fought them back. Sir Francis Light, a British East India Company captain passing the island, sent word to the local administration that Burmese forces were preparing for an attack.

Kunying Jan, the wife of the recently deceased governor, and her sister Mook then assembled forces. After one month of siege the Burmese had to turn back on March 13, 1785, and the two women became local heroines, receiving the honorary names Thao Thep Kasatri and Thao Sri Sunthon from King Rama I.

heroine's monument
Heroine's monument

During the reign of King Chulalongkorn (Rama V) Phuket became the administrative center of the tin-producing southern provinces. In 1933 the Monthon Phuket was dissolved and Phuket became a province by itself.

Old names of the island include Ko Thalang, and Junk Ceylon, an English corruption of the Malay Tanjung Salang (Cape Salang).

More information


Phuket Island
The island is mostly mountainous with a mountain range in the west of the island from the north to the south. The mountains of Phuket form the southern end of a mountain chain, which ranges for 440 km from the Kra Isthmus. The highest elevation of the whole Phuket chain is the Khao Phra Mi with an elevation of 1138 m, however the highest elevation on the island itself is Mai Tha Sip Song (Twelve Canes), at 529 m above sea level.
70% of the island is covered by forest. The western coast has several sandy beaches, while on the east coast are more muddy beaches.

The famous Tuk Tuk of Phuket (cheap if you bargain the price)
Tha tuk tuk


Journey around the Island along the west coast road and get great views of Phuket's most famous beaches such as, Bang Tao, Kamala, Patong, Karon, Kata, Nai harn and Rawai. A nice end to the day would be seeing the sunset at Cape Promthep on the island's extreme southwest point. The Cape offers a superb view of the Andaman sea and offshore islands.

sunset in Phuket
West coast sunset

Coming in towards Phuket Town from Rawai, turn right at the roundabout and visit the Chalong Pier where you can see hundreds of yachts and boats in the protected waters of Chalng Bay. If you turn left at the roundabout you could visit the most revered temple in Phuket, Wat Chalong.

Thai temple

Ten minutes drive further from the temple will take you into Phuket Town. Phuket Town is the busling business centre of Phuket and has a wonderful mixtrue of new and old influences. Chino Portuguese architectrue is evident in the landmark buildings as you walk down Thalang Rd towards the center of town. If you're in the mood for some respite from the mid day sun, then a visit to Khao Rang Hill is in order. From here the view is outstanding.

Cool Shady trees provide shelter from the sun allowing you to gaze out at the sprawling metropolis of Phuket. You can see the whole Town, tranquil Ma'dam Bay and the turquoise, turtle-shaped island in the distance.

waterfall in phuket thailand
Ban Pae Waterfall

Up north along Pkra Sattri road is the Heroines monument. Here you can learn the great history of Chan and Mook. These two heroines are famous for saving Phuket from a Burmese invasion in 1785. Further up from the monument is the Ton Sai waterfall and just a few kilometers away is Bang Pae waterfall. These beautiful falls are surrounded by orchids and exotic birds in the Khao Phra Taew National Park. It is also where you will find Phuket's Gibbon Rehabilitation Centre.

Click for photos of Songkran in Phuket
songkran festival

Day Trips in Phuket

Jewel of the Andaman they call it? Or is it the prime jewel in Thailand’s tourism crown? Either way, Phuket is just the centre of a vast beautiful playground. And the rest of the ‘crown’ is worth exploring, even if the beaches you find yourself on seems so perfect you never want to leave. Tours of Phuket are a must.

Taking day trips from Phuket is an absolute must when visiting this Asian tropical paradise. Within a few hours drive or boat ride are a number of world class landscape attractions including the famous Phi Phi islands, the jaw-dropping Pha Nga Bay, exclusive diving off the Similan islands, the Khao Lak coast and the amazing karst-scapes of Krabi. There are lush forested national parks, curious fishing villages, fantastic waterfalls, azure waters, private little islands, exclusive beaches and pristine mangroves to seek out.

Phuket is undoubtably Thailand’s most popular and best developed island, a world class, jet-set destination that has gone very upmarket in recent decades. If you’re heading for Phuket for your next vacation you’ll invariably find yourself based at one of the half-dozen gorgeous bays that line the West Coast. From here you can either hire a car or take tours on Phuket to any one of a dozen different day trip destinations. This is the essence of a Phuket holiday and travel agents and options numerous. Phuket Guide

For starters exploring the island itself is highly recommended. There are so many beautiful and exciting eaches. The best are clustered towards the south from Kamala, past popular Patong, and onwards to the sweeping Karon and posh Kata. Each of these is worth stopping at for a few hours to work on your tan or pick up a piquant spicy Thai papaya salad for lunch. Keep going south and you’ll end up at the undeveloped Nai Harn beach, and avoid the crowds. All the Phuket beaches have their own special character.

It takes a full hour to drive to the North of the island, which has escaped the rampant tourism development and the mangroves of the east coast offer an altogether different idea of the island. While in the area you may want to drop in on the ‘singing gibbons’ at the Gibbon Rehabilitation Centre and cool off in the Bang Phrae Waterfall of the Khao Phra Thaeo National Park. It’s one of several pretty falls on the island. Tours to this part of Phuket are unstated but rewarding.

But the best scenery is offshore, and number one on all itineraries is a trip to Phi Phi Island. This remarkable craggy butterfly-shaped island, featured in the blockbuster The Beach and Tsunami tragedy, never dissapoints. There are actually several islands, and most trips stop off for a snorkelling adventure en-route. Packed lunch is usually served once you reach Phi Phi Ley’s paradise-like Maya bay. Since no one but park rangers and campers are allowed to stay overnight, you’ll have this pristine beaches all to yourself, unlike Phuket Phi Phi Don is more drammatic and was frightfully overdeveloped before the tsunami washed it all away. The resorts are found on a small sandwich of coconut palms between two pretty bays, with towering karst cliffs all around. You’ll not want to catch your tour boat back to Phuket! Phi Phi island guide

Equally impressive and popular is the the unique karst seascape of Pha Nga Bay, made famous in the Bond movie, The Man with the Golden Gun. The renamed James Bond Island is an obligatory stop on all tours from Phuket but it’s all part of a massive theatre of pillars that dot this huge bay and must be among the most photographed in the entire Andaman. A lunch stop at the fishing village of Koh Phan Yee, which sits in the water on stilts, serves fresh fish. Don’t forget to buy a few souvenirs and wander around this curious community. Kayaking among the caves and karst cliffs is particularly rewarding and often part of the the tours from Phuket.

If you into diving and have only one chance to see the best, then you might want to sign up for a few days on a live-aboard dive trip to the Similan islands – West of Phuket. These are a protected marine reserve and day trips or diving excursions are the only way to have the priviledge of visiting the unspoilt reefs of the area, or swim in its pristine waters. If you haven’t quite got around to getting your dive certificate, there are plenty of courses on offer. Alternatively take tours to Hong Island, between Phuket and Krabi and simply snorkel and chill out. This remarkable island has a hiddle lagoon inside, accessible through a cave tunnel at low tide only.

Hiring a car for a trip into the hinterland is also rewarding. Phuket is connected to the mainland by a short causeway and after that you’re free to roam Southern Thailand’s lush isthmus provinces. Head up to Khao Lak, an hour’s drive north, to experience a more unspoilt and wild coastline, and some wonderful coastal parks. A bit beyond this is Khao Sok National Park with its large lake, fantastic rainforests and remarkable landscapes. You can even spend a night in the park chalets here. Thai tropical national parks are wonderful ecosystems full of waterfalls, streams, nature trails, birdlife and a few animals (if you have aneagle eye).

If you’re heading out of Phuket by car you may want to spend several days exploring the region, with its rubber plantations and bizarre landscapes. Dropping in on little-visited but enchanting parks such as Sa Nang Manora Forest Park and Than Bokkharani National Park as you pass through Pha Nga en-route to Krabi town, is rewarding. All around you are more of the numerous lofty karst mounds that make the area famous for tours from Phuket.

Even though Krabi is a destination unto itself, it’s easily reachable by car from Phuket (90 minutes) and boasts some of the region’s most remarkable landscapes. But that’s a whole other destination!

More information about Phuket & Thailand
The Tourism Authority of Thailand's Phuket section

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